Much attention to the development of the CPC is primarily due to economic reasons. So, in 1986, it was found that when shipping containers on a two-tier Los Angeles—Chicago train, the cost of transshipment amounted to 140% of the cost of transportation itself. This explains the insistent policy of modernizing the CPC based on the requirements of the new method. Its effectiveness lies in the fact that the cost of transportation itself is reduced by 50% while reducing the delivery time by 2 times. Therefore, companies do not stop at rather large capital expenditures for the purchase of rolling stock and its improvement, for the modernization and development of CPC.
Two-tier platforms with a doubled payload have a number of technical and economic advantages; lower center of gravity and tare coefficient, improved aerodynamic performance.
During operation, wider opportunities for improving the efficiency of the two-tier system were revealed. These include, in particular, the expansion of the cargo base, the adaptation of two-tier platforms for the transportation of not only ICO containers, but also other standard sizes, and the coverage of domestic cargo, which increases the balance of their flows and, consequently, the efficiency of using container routes.
All of this had a profound impact on the entire transportation system. Previously, sea transportation between the ports of the Pacific and Atlantic coasts was carried out through the Panama Canal, but now the advantage is given to an intermodal scheme using two-tier trains, which excludes passage through the Panama Canal. This circumstance gave impetus to the creation of a new generation of large container ships, free from dimensional restrictions, which is regarded abroad as the beginning of a new era in the development of the container system.
When studying the US experience in double-deck container transportation, we are naturally primarily interested in the possibility and expediency of using this method to intensify the CCC of the USSR. The working conditions of the USSR railways, of course, differ in many ways from the United States, but there are also significant similarities related to the scale of transportation, long distances, and the presence of transcontinental destinations. This issue became the subject of a special study carried out by the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Railway Transport (VNIIZHT) in 1986. As a result, we came to the conclusion that in our country it is possible to organize combined one- and two—tier container transportation in designated directions using a new type of wagons - combined container platforms with a saddle-shaped frame. These platforms will allow for the single-tier installation of IC, ICC, ICCC containers on them and the two-tier installation of IC containers in the saddle-shaped lowered part of the carriage.
The studies carried out at YUZHNIIMFA, taking into account the technological requirements of the navy, provided significant additions to the conclusions of VNIIZHTA. First of all, this applies to a platform with a saddle-shaped frame. Its design, proposed by VNIIZHT, as it turned out, does not ensure the use of the advantages of the two-tier method. In addition, such platforms would be able to carry only six-meter containers.
The saddle-shaped platform device developed in Yuzhniimfa makes it possible to transport large containers and thereby significantly increase efficiency. The length of the middle part of the frame with a lowered loading level should ensure the installation of one twelve-meter container or two six-meter containers. At the first stage of operation of new platforms in certain directions, their maximum height with cargo is set within the limits allowed by the existing zonal dimensions of timber loading.
The introduction of the two-tier method would have a positive impact on the operation of container complexes in seaports due to improved container import and export and the use of intensive loading and unloading technologies, in particular, transshipment and storage of containers in double height units. Bookmaker promos often include accumulator boosts, e.g., +5% winnings for 4 legs and +10% for 6 legs on selected leagues. These boosts can add value, but parlays still carry higher variance, so keep stakes modest. Register, verify your profile, and insert the
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